轻轨轨道锚固螺栓失效分析与解决方案（本科毕业论文设计）.doc

摘 要

近10年来，随着我国经济的飞速发展和城市化进程的加快，我国越来越多的城市，尤其是百万人口以上的大城市都纷纷修建或策划修建轻轨交通项目。轻轨轨道线路PC梁是由八根锚固螺拴固定在水泥墩台上，锚固螺拴的断裂将会直接影响客运的安全，后果将不堪设想。因此，研究轨道锚固螺栓断裂原因以及寻找改进的措施具有重要的现实意义。
对轨道锚固螺栓的断裂失效分析，着重从以下几个方面进行研究：
1.对锚固螺栓的设计进行分析，主要分析锚固螺栓的结构是否合理、尺寸及公差标注是否符合相关规定，表面粗糙度是否符合要求，技术要求是否恰当，查明失效原因，提出改进方案。
2.根据机械加工工艺规则，结合轨道锚固螺栓的材料，对轨道锚固螺栓的制造工艺以及热处理工艺进行分析，提出了改进方案。例如，车削螺纹和滚压螺纹那种加工方法能提供更优越的性能，怎样的热处理工艺能更好的发挥材料的力学性能。
3.对基座组成与锚栓安装进行精度检测，对安装过程中可腀@鱿值钠罱蟹治觯⑻岢龈慕饧Ⅻbr>通过以上几个方面，分别从结构设计、制造和安装使用方面提出了提高轨道锚固螺栓性能的措施。


关键词: 螺栓，应力集中，加工工艺，疲劳破坏















ABSTRACT

Nearly 10 years, with the rapid economic development and the process of urbanization speeds up of China, more and more Chinese cities ,especially over one million population of major cities have built or are planning to build light rail transit project. The PC beams of the light rail track are fixed in the cement stage by eight anchor bolts. If they are damaged, the passengers’ safety will be directly affected and the consequences will be disastrous. Therefore, the anchor bolt of light rail track is an important component of the line equipment. Finding the reasons for the anchor bolts’ damage and improving the fault of the measures have important practical significance.
Failure analysis of orbit anchor bolts is mainly from the following aspects of research:
1. Analyze the design of Anchor bolts. It mainly analyzes whether the structure, size and tolerance of anchor bolts are reasonable. Whether the technical requirements are reasonable and the roughness of surfaces meets the requirement. Identify the reasons for the failure and get the better Solution.
2. Under the rules of processing machinery, with anchor bolts track material, Anchor bolts to track the manufacturing process and heat treatment technology for analysis of the improvement program. For example, turning and rolling thread which processing method can provide better performance. What kind of heat treatment process will be appropriated for the best mechanical properties.
3. Right base composition and stud installation for detection accuracy, and for possible deviations analysis of the installation process.
By this analysis, draw the measures of increasing the orbit anchor bolt fatigue from the structural design, manufacture and installation.


Key words: bolt，stress focus，processing technology，fatigue destruction




目 录

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1绪论 1
1.1国内外研究概况和发展趋势 1
1.2课题的研究意义 2
1.3 本课题研究的主要内容 5
2.锚固螺栓设计分析……………………………………………………6
2.1锚固螺栓零件图复核……………………………………………………6
2.1.1退刀槽分析………………………………………………………6
2.1.2圆角半径分析…………………………………………………… 7
2.1.3螺杆表面粗糙度分析………………………………………………7
2.1.4直线度要求………………………………………………………7
2.2螺纹根部应力集中的有限元分析…………………………………………8
2.2.1分析螺纹根部的圆角半径的影响…………………………………… 8
2.2.2分析螺栓螺纹深度的影响………………………………………….9
2.2.3 螺栓螺距的影响………………………………………………… 9
2.3锚固螺栓结构的改进方案………………………………………………10
3 螺栓热处理分析………………………………………………………12
3.1 淬火温度…………………………………………………………… 12
3.2 回火温度……………………………………………………………12
3.3分析与讨论………………………………………………………….13
3.4分析结果以及改进措施…………………………………………………14
4 螺栓加工工艺分析……………………………………………………16
4.1加工过程中存在的问题…………………………………………………16
4.2螺纹滚压加工和切削加工方案的比较…………………………………… 17
4.3滚压螺纹的坯件制备条件……………………………………………… 18
4.4加工工艺的改进措施…………………………………………………. 18
5锚固螺栓的安装、使用过程分析…………………………………… 20
5.1螺拴的总拉力的计算及强度校核…………………………………………20
5.1.1锚固螺栓的预紧力F’的计算………………………………………20
5.1.2强度校核…………………………………………………… 20
5.2安装尺寸分析………………………………………………………21
5.2.1锚固螺拴及球面螺母座的安装尺寸分析……………………………21
5.2.2对于轻轨线路PC梁架设、布置立面视图进行分析………………… 23
5.2.3对锚箱的结构尺寸进行图纸复核…………………………………25
5.2..