汽车尾气排放污染控制实验装置的设计（本科毕业论文设计）.doc

摘 要

随着中国汽车保有量的迅速增加，汽车尾气中有害污染物的大量排放所带来的大气污染问题日趋严重，包括机内净化措施和机外净化措施的各种汽车尾气净化措施已经得到了广泛的研究。近年来，利用低温等离子体技术治理各种有害气体的方法在国内外都得到了重视。本文设计的汽车尾气排放控制装置，它作用于发动机进气，利用磁电低温等离子体技术使进气空气成为活性很强的极化激发态气体，从而改善内燃机燃烧状况，达到降低尾气排放的目标。
本文首先对低温等离子体的产生机理进行了研究，讨论了低温等离子体引发的主要反应的类型及过程，同时研究了磁电等离子体极化激发态降低汽车尾气中主要有害污染物的机理。然后，通过理论分析设计出一种作用于汽车进气端的利用磁电低温等离子体技术的尾气排放控制装置。通过台架实验，研究了该反应器降低汽车有害污染物的基本情况，分析了该装置对燃油消耗的影响，并对该装置的不足进行了探讨和优化。
通过对磁电低温等离子体进气装置降低汽车尾气的实验及数据分析，得到如下主要的结论：
① 整个磁电低温等离子体进气装置能够对CO、HC和NOx达到较好的净化效果，在各种影响因素较好情况的实验条件下，三种主要尾气的净化率能够分别达到36%、46%、60%。
② 该装置的使用可降低燃油消耗。实验数据表明可达到降低油耗6%。


关键词：低温等离子体，磁环组，汽车尾气，进气装置











ABSTRACT

With the increasing of the amount of the automobile continuously and rapidly, the air pollution becomes more and more serious for the great amount of automobile exhaust. Both the purify way of inside machine and outside machine have been researched widely. In recent years, the way to purify the all kinds of automobile exhaust by the low temperature plasma technology was attached all over the world. In this paper, the design of the automobile exhaust emission control device acts on the intake air. It uses the magnetism electric low temperature plasma polarize explode state technology to change the air into a polarize explode state gas. Then it can improve the status of the engine burning and the exhaust can be purified.
First, the principle of discharge of low temperature plasma is researched in this paper and the reaction course of low temperature plasma is discussed. Meanwhile, the principles of magnetism electric plasma polarize explode state purify the main engine exhaust are researched. Then, through theoretical analysis, an exhaust emission control device which acts on the intake air of automobile is designed with the magnetism electric low temperature plasma technology. The basic situation of engine exhaust that is purified by the device is studied by bench test, and the impactation on fuel consumption is analyzed. Meanwhile, the inadequacy of the device is discussed and optimized.
The main conclusions are listed by analyzing the data of exhaust purify experiment：
① The purify effect of magnetism electric low temperature plasma purify the CO, HC and NOx from automobileexhaust is good. Their purify rate are 36%, 46% and 60% in the normal experiment condition.
②It can significantly reduce fuel consumption to use this device. The experimental data shows that 6% fuel consumption can be reduced.


Key words：Low temperature plasma, Magnetism Loop Group, Automobile exhaust, Intake device




目 录

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1绪论 1
1.1引言 1
1.1.1 汽车排放的主要污染物及其危害 1
1.2 汽车尾气排放的控制技术 2
1.2.1 现有发动机的尾气净化措施 2
1.2.2 无污染或低污染动力源的研究 3
1.3等离子体技术的介绍 4
1.3.1 等离子体的基本特性 4
1.3.2 等离子体技术应用于汽车尾气净化的现状和发展 4
1.4 本设计的主要内容 5
2磁电等离子体进气装置机理的分析研究 6
2.1 等离子体的理论 6
2.1.1 低温等离子体的产生 6
2.1.2 低温等离子体引发的主要反应的类型及过程 8
2.2 低温等离子体净化机理 10
2.3 强磁场的基本理论及其净化机理分析 11
2.4 本章小结 13
3 磁电等离子体进气装置的结构设计 14
3.1 装置总体设计 14
3.2 等离子体发生器 15
3.2.1 等离子体发生器结构 15
3.2.2 等离子体管结构 16
3.3 磁环组 17
4 发动机试验台架和实验方法 18
4.1 试验台架系统和试验车 18
4.2 实验方法 19
4.2.1 实验设计 19
4.2.2 实验步骤 21
5 实验结果及分析 22
5.1 反应装置对降低CO、HC和NOx的总体效果 22
5.2 等离子体管条件对装置降低CO、HC和NOx的影响 22
5.2.1等离子体笯@ざ鹊挠跋 22
5.2.2 等离子体管内径的影响 24
5.3磁环组对装置降低CO、HC和NOx的影响 26
5.4 反应装置对燃油消耗率的影响 27
6 结论与建议 28
6.1 结论 28
6.2 建议 28
致谢 29
参考文献 30