基于边界元的微型轿车进气消声器消声性能分析计算(本科毕业论文设计)
摘 要
随着汽车噪声控制技术的发展,进气噪声已成为汽车噪声控制的重点。本文简单介绍了进气消声器的研究与应用的现状,阐述了进气噪声的产生机理及其基本理论,研究了共振型进气消声器的消声原理。
本文基于边界元法,利用SYSNOISE声学软件对消声器的三维模型进行仿真计算,分析了共振式消声器的腔体结构参数和圆角对共振频率的影响及趋势,以及尾管效应和消声器的安装位置对消声性能的影响。然后,在此基础上进行消声器设计和改进,以满足技术要求。
分析计算的结果表明,腔体结构参数和圆角大小对消声器的共振频率有一定的影响,随着腔体高度或横截面积的增加,共振频率向低频方向移动,对于固定的腔体,圆角越大对共振频率的影响也越大,因而在实际的生产加工时,应使圆角尽可能小为好。结果也表明,考虑尾管效应后,消声器的安装位置对消声性能有着很大的影响,为了得到更为良好的消声性能,消声器应安装在距离主管道出口处较远的位置。同时,得出了两共振腔串联时,其共振频率不会相互干扰。这些结果为消声器的设计提供了依据。
关键词: 进气消声器,共振腔,边界元法,尾管效应,传声损失
ABSTRACT
With the development of vehicle noise control technology, engine intake noise control has become the emphasis. This paper has briefly introduced the situation of intake silencer Research and Application, expounded the intake noise engendering cause and the basic theory, and studied the principle of the resonant silencer.
Based on the BEM, the 3D models of the mufflers are calculated by using SYSNOISE software, the impact and trends of the Structural parameters and the fillet of resonator to the resonant frequency are analyzed, and the effects of the tail pipe and the installation location of muffler on the performances are also analyzed. Then design and improve the muffler based on this analysis, with satisfying the design request.
The results of the analysis show that the Structural parameters and the fillet of resonator have a little influence to the resonance frequency. With the height or the cross sectional area increasing, the resonant frequency moves to the low-frequency, for a fixed resonator, there is greater fillet, greater effect on the resonant frequency, so in the actual production and processing performances, it should make the fillet smaller. The results also show that the installation location of muffler has very great effect on the performances when Considers the effects of the tail, and the muffler should be installed far from the exit of the road for getting a better performance. At the same time, it shows that the resonant frequency will not interfere with each other when there two resonators are linked. These results provide a basis for the design of the muffler
Key words: Intake silencer, resonator, BEM, tail pipe effect, transmission loss
目 录
中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
1绪论 1
1.1引言 1
1.2发动机进气噪声的产生 2
1.3发动机进气消声器的研究现状 3
1.4本课题研究的内容和目的 4
2声学基本理论及分析方法 5
2.1声学理论的基本概念 5
2.1.1声压 5
2.1.2声阻抗率 5
2.1.3声强和声功率 5
2.2声波方程 6
2.2.1运动方程 6
2.2.2连续性方程 7
2.2.3物态方程 7
2.3一维平面波理论 8
2.4声级 9
2.4.1声压级 9
2.4.2声强级 9
2.4.3声功率级 9
2.4.4各声级之间的关系 9
2.5消声器传声损失的计算 9
2.5.1传声损失的定义 9
2.5.2单腔扩张式消声器传声损失的计算 10
2.5.3共振式消声器传声损失的计算 11
2.6分析方法 14
2.6.1边界元法简介 14
2.6.2 SYSNOISE简介 15
3计算传声损失的数值方法 16
3.1消声器传声损失计算方法 16
3.2方法的验证 16
3.2.1直管的模拟计算 16
3.2.2单腔扩张式消声器模拟计算 20
4主要参数对共振式消声器消声性能的影响分析 23
4.1共振腔结构参数对共振频率的影响 23
4.1.1共振腔高度对共振频率的影响 23
4.1.2共振腔横截面积对共振频率的影响 26
4.1.3连接笯@ざ雀谋涫毙拚降难险 27
4.2圆角对消声性能的影响 28
4.2.1固定腔体尺寸时圆角大小对消声性能的影响 28
4.2.2改变腔体尺寸时圆角大小对消声性能的影响 30
4.3尾管效应对消声性能的影响 31
4.4共振腔安装位置对消声性能的影响 34
5共振式进气消声器设计 37
5.1设计要求及方案分析 37
5.2消声器设计 37
5.2.1 消声器的设计 37
5.2.2 消声器的设计 40
5.2.3两共振腔的串联 41
5.3小结 44
6结论 45
致谢 46
参考文献 47
附录Ⅰ 48
附录Ⅱ 49