不规则孔面积数字化测量装置机械结构设计（本科毕业论文设计）.doc

不规则孔面积数字化测量装置机械结构设计（本科毕业论文设计）
摘 要

喷嘴环（又称为定子或者叶片导向器）是涡轮的一个重要组成部分，有两部分作用：其一为控制气流的方向，使气流无冲击的进入叶轮；其二为使气流膨胀、加速和降低压力，从而将燃气的热能转变为动能，推动叶轮做功。
喷嘴环喉口面积在这里起着非常重要的作用，在发动机怠速和低速端，喷嘴叶片关闭或开度很小，可以使增压压力增高，从而提高发动机的低速扭矩，改善其响应性。发动机高速运转时，喷嘴叶片全开或开度很大，可以使增压器压力比非控制的涡轮箱压力减小，从而保证发动机获得所需的空气和动力。所以对其面积的测量研究，有利于更好的研究涡轮的效率。
本文经过对喷嘴环喉口面积测量总体方案的探讨，对装置结构及具体零件进行了设计，对结构的用途以及主要零件公差精度等进行了分析，还对主要构件的选择和运用等问题进行了具体描述。期间阅读了大量的国内外资料和参照了许多机械行业的专用知识，设计了一个完整的测量喉口面积的装置。


关键词：喷嘴环喉口，面积测量，测量结构


ABSTRACT

Nozzle Central (also known as the stator blade or director) is an important component of the turbine. And it has two functions : The first function is to control the direction of the air-flow to make flowing air have no impact on entering the turbine ; The second function is to make the gas expand、accelerate and reduce its own pressure .And then it changes the heat energy of the gas into kinetic energy which drives impeller to work.
The area of nozzle ring throat mouth has a great affect in this part .It can increase the pressurization to increase the engine low-velocity torque and to improve its responsiveness when the engine works under idle speed and low speed situations. When the engine works under high speed situation, the nozzle blade wholly opens or has great openness degree, which can make the pressure of the turbocharger less than that of the uncontrolled turbine block and make sure the engine has required air and power. So the study of the measuring area of nozzle ring throat mouth gives a great advantage to studying the turbine's efficiency.
Through discussing the overall scheme for the area measuring of nozzle ring throat mouth in this article, I designed the device structure and specific parts, analyzed the structure application and the tolerance accuracy of main parts and give detailed description for the main parts selection and their application. During the whole process of designing .I read lots of references from home and abroad, referred to lots of specialty knowledge on mechanical industry and finally designed one complete device for measuring the area of nozzle ring throat mouth.


Key words: Nozzle ring throat mouth, Area Measurement, Measurement structure



目　　录

中文摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
1绪论 1
1.1研究内容及意义 1
1.2国内外研究现状 1
1.2.1光电法测量 2
1.2.2光切法测量面积 2
1.2.3面阵CCD测量面积法 3
1.2.4可移动多维坐标结晶器内腔尺寸自动测量机 3
1.2.5光滑非圆内孔动态检测 4
1.2.6基于图像处理的面积测量方法 4
1.2.7其他一些测量面积的方法 5
2测量方案设计部分 6
2.1喷嘴环喉口介绍 6
2.2喷嘴环喉口面积测量方法确定 6
2.2.1喉口面积测量方法的选择 6
2.2.2测量原理 9
2.3喷嘴环喉口面积测量方案确定 10
3测量装置的结构设计 12
3.1总体结构设计 12
3.1.1结构概述 12
3.1.2测量过程 13
3.1传感器的确定 13
3.1.1传感器技术概述 13
3.1.2机械位移传感器技术 14
3.1.3小结 16
3.2传动结构的设计 17
3.2.1传动方案的确定 17
3.2.2轴承的确定 20
3.2.3联轴器的确定 22
3.2.4传动结构的设计 25
3.5测头及连接部分设计 26
3.5.1测头 26
3.5.2测头连接部分 27
3.6把手譆@ 27
3.7支架的设计 28
3.8角支架的设计 28
3.9滑块的设计 29
3.10皮带轮的设计 29
结论 31
致谢 32
参考文献 33