车载逆变电源的设计
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摘要 近年来，电子电力技术发展迅猛，逆变电源广泛应用于日常生活、车载系统、邮电通信等领域。现代社会中，有车族在户外需要使用的电子设备越来越多，例如车用DVD、车用冰箱、手提电脑、手机充电器和各种电源适配器。在发达国家车载逆变电源是每辆车必须具备的，而在国内配备这种转换器的车辆还很少，加之每年汽车销售量居高不下，因而车载逆变电源在国内将会有很大的市场前景。
本文设计了一款高性能的车载逆变电源。该电源采用的是比较经典的两级变换的方式：第一级是直流-直流变换，即先将12V直流电转化为320V/50kHz的高频交流电，再经过整流滤波将其变换为320V高压直流电，第二级是直流-交流变换，即采用正弦波脉冲调制法控制开关管的导通，经过LC工频滤波后，输出稳定的220V/50Hz准正弦波，供负载使用。该高性腀@翟啬姹淦鞴ぷ髟诟咂登榭鱿拢梢约跣”溲蛊骱吐瞬ǖ绺小⒙瞬ǖ缛莸奶寤椭亓浚乙蛭ぷ髌德矢哂?0kHz这一人耳的听觉极限，可以避免变压器和电感产生刺耳的噪声。控制电路采用了PWM和SPWM的方法，具有效率较高、频率特性好的优点。其中的SPWM由集成芯片构成的纯硬件电路来产生，避免了使用单片机而需要大量计算和编程的麻烦。同时，本设计还包括过压、过流、过热等保护电路，保证了使用的安全性和可靠性。
本设计采用高频逆变方式，具有降低噪声、提高反应速度以及电路调整灵活的优点，不仅满足了一般使用需求，也符合逆变电源小型化、轻量化、高频化以及高可靠性、低噪声的发展趋势。
关键词 车载逆变电源 脉宽调制 保护电路
A Design of Automotive Power Inverter
Abstract In recent years, with the rapid development of power electronics technology, power inverter is widely used in daily life, automotive systems, post telecommunications and other fields. In modern society, the electronic devices which often used by drivers outdoor are more and more, such as car DVD, car refrigerator, laptop computer, mobile phone chargers and various power adapters. In developed countries, automotive power inverter is a must-have, but in China just a little cars are with such a inverter. Combined with phenomenon that the annual car sales remain high, automotive power inverter will have great market prospects in China.
This paper presents a high-performance automotive power supply. The power supply uses a classic way to convert with two levels: the first level is a DC-DC converter, which first converts 12VDC to 320V/50kHzAC, and then filtered to 320VDC; the second level is a DC-AC converter, which uses sine pulse modulation to control switch conduction, finally outputs stable 220V/50Hz quasi-sine wave after LC filtered. The high-performance automotive power inverter works at high frequency, which can reduce the size and weight of transformer, filter inductor and filter capacitor. On the other hand, the operating frequency is higher than 20kHz which is the limit of the human's ear, which avoids harsh noises of transformers and inductors. The control circuits use the method of PWM and SPWM with the advantages of high efficiency and good frequency characteristics. The SPWM circuits wherein are generated by IC which avoid large calculations and programmings while using SCM. Meanwhile, the design also includes over-voltage, over-current, over-temperature protection circuits to ensure the safety and reliability.
This design uses high-frequency inverting, with benefits of noise reduction, response speed enhancement and flexible circuit adjustment. The design not only meets the general needs, but also meets the development trends of power supply: small volume, light weight, high frequency, high reliability and low noise.
Key words Automotive Power Inverter; Pulse Width Modulation; Protection Circuit
目 录
第一章 绪论 1
1.1 选题概述及意义 1
1.2 逆变技术及车载电源的发展趋势 1
1.3 逆变技术的目的 2
1.4 逆变技术的优点 3
1.4 本文结构 4
第二章 开关电源技术 6
2.1 开关电源介绍 6
2.2 开关电源的类型 6
2.3 开关电源的发展状况 8
2.3.1 国际发展状况 8
2.3.2 国内发展状况 8
2.3.2 开关电源面临的问题 9
2.4 开关电源的优缺点 9
2.4.1 开关电源的优点 9
2.4.2 开关电源的缺点 10
第三章 系统总体设计 12
3.1 系统性能指标 12
3.2 控制技术介绍 12
3.2.1 脉冲宽度调制技术 12
3.2.2 正弦波脉冲宽度调制技术 13
3.2.3 脉冲频率调制技术 14
3.2.4 混合调制技术 15
3.3 逆变器的设计 15
3.3.1 逆变器基本结构 15
3.3.2 逆变器输出的选择 19
3.4 采用的芯片 19
3.4.1 TL494 19
3.4.2 SG3525 19
3.4.3 ICL8038 20
3.4.4 IR2110 20
第四章 电路设计 21
4.1变换电路部分 22
4.1.1 DC-DC变换电路 22
4.1.2 DC-AC变换电路 23
4.2 保护电路部分 25
4.2.1 过热保护电路 25
4.2.2 输入过压保护电路 25
4.2.3 输出过流保护电路 26
第五章 总结与展望 28
致 谢 29
参考文献 30
