巴基斯坦公务员的政治制度改革---------外文翻译(外文原文+中文翻译).doc

在过去的六十年里，巴基斯坦继承了殖民地印度所谓的钢框架公务员结构，现在已经成为巴基斯坦公务员生锈腐蚀的决定因素。
由于国家精简机构无效，导致官僚机构及其政治领导人过度政治化和腐败，这严重破坏了巴基斯坦的经济，社会和政治发展。此外，巴基斯坦政府机构为保护其公民的福利，提供充分的社会服务和促进法治建设，然而这些措施的失败，正逐步影响国家的合法性和稳定性。在这个核武装的国家中，塔利班越来越咄咄逼人的暴动对巴基斯坦产生了不稳定的影响，而巴基斯坦受到国际的关注总是篅@佟Ｊ芄使刈⒌囊桓鼋峁褪鞘盏嚼醋怨示柚叽罅抗试某信担渲邪拦诮酉吕次迥昀锊普杖胫械?5000000000美元。然而，外国援助的快速增加，会削弱巴基斯坦国家机构既有效又负责的利用资金的综合能力，而大部分的国际援助很可能导致国家机构的合法性腐败。
本文认为，这些大量的外国援助，有重大的利益，巴基斯坦政府和国际捐助者的将优先考虑重建和修复严重削弱了的钢框架的公务员结构。本文将简要地提供一些历史背景，本文概述了一些主要的公务员制度改革的重点。然后讨论了一些政治因素和利益集团，都只是有助于非常有限的改革进展。本文的结论是，未来的发展将不依赖于更多的需要做技术评估的捐助者的驱动，而是运用更好的策略来解决公务员的政治改革，包括创建一个更广泛的选区的配套改革。

Over the course of the past six decades, the so-called steel frame of the civil service that Pakistan inherited from colonial India has become decidedly rusty.
The ineffectiveness of state institutions due to the diminishing capacity, over-politicization and corruption of the bureaucracy and its political masters is seriously undermining Pakistan's economic, social and political development. In addition the failure of Pakistan's state institutions to protect the welfare of its citizens, provide adequate social services and promote the rule of law are eroding the legitimacy and stability of the state. International attention is belated focusing on Pakistan as a result of concerns over the destabilizing effects of an increasingly aggressive Taliban-led insurgency in this nuclear-armed state.One result of this attention is the commitment of large amounts of foreign aid by international donors, including $7.5 billion by the U.S. government over the next five years. The rapid increase in foreign aid, however, combined with the decreasing capacity of Pakistan's state institutions to spend these funds in an effective and accountable manner, are likely to result in much of this aid simply fueling the very corruption that is eating away the legitimacy of state institutions.
This paper argues that, for these large amounts of foreign aid to have significant benefits, the government of Pakistan and its international donors will have to prioritize rebuilding and repairing the dangerously weakened steel frame of the civil service. After briefly providing some historical context, the paper outlines some of the main civil service reform priorities. It then discusses some of the political factors and interest groups that have contributed to the very limited reform progress to date. The paper concludes that future