外文翻译------城市意象.doc

The Image of the City
Structure and identity
An environmental image may be analyzed into three components: identity,structure,and meaning.It is useful to abstract these for analysis,if it is remembered that in reality first the identification of an object,which implies its distinction from other things,its recognition as a separable entity.This is called identity,not in the sense of equality with something else,but with the meaning of individuality or oneness.Second,the image must include the spatial or pattern relation of the object to the observer and to other objects.Finally,this object must have some meaning for the observer,whether practical or emotional.Meaning is also a relation,but quite a different one from spatial or pattern relation.
Thus an image useful for making an exit requires the recognition of a door as a distinct entity,of its spatial relation to the observer,and its meaning as a hole for getting out.These are not truly separable.The visual recognition of a door is matted together with its meaning as a door.It is possible,however,to analyze the door in terms of its identity of form and clarity of position,considered as if they were prior to its meaning.
城市意象
结构和认知
分析了环境形象可以分为三部分:认知、结构、意义。这是有用的抽象为这些分析,如果它在现实生活中,人们第一个物体确认,这意味着它的区别其他事物一样,作为一个可识别的实体。这就是所谓的认知,而不是在男女平等的感觉点别的事,但指的个性特征和统一性。第二,图像必须包括空间或模式的关系,反对观察者和其它的对象。最后,这个对象必须有一些观察者意义,是否实用或情感。意义也是一种关系,但相当不同的一个空间或模式的关系。
因此一个图像,用于作出一个出口需要认定的门时是一个截然不同的实体,其空间关系的观察者,和它的意义作为一个洞,臔@鋈ァＵ庑┒疾皇钦嬲姆掷搿Ｊ泳跏侗鸬拿攀强ㄖ搅庖逶谝簧让拧Ｕ馐怯锌赡艿?然而,分析门等形式的身份和清晰的位置,如果他们被认为是在它的意义。
这种分析专长可能毫无意义的研究中是门,但不是在研究城市环境。首先,这个问题的内涵是一个复杂的城市之一。集体的形象意义不太可能在这个级别是一致的看法比实体和关系。意义,此外,没那么容易受物理处理如这些其他的两个组成部分。如果它是我们的宗旨,建造大量广泛不同背景的人们享受的城市和城市也将能够适应我们未来目标甚至可能是明智的,让我们直接发展没有意义的指导。曼哈顿的地平线的形象可以诠释为活力、电力、堕落、神秘、充血、伟大,或一种无限制的、传染性。