状态监测与故障诊断讲义.pdf

非常实用的机械故障诊断与状态监测的真实课堂讲义，每一种故障都配备了仪器的真实频谱图、轴心轨迹等图形，是机械故障诊断人员速成的内部资料。
目 录

第一章 状态监测的基本知识....................................................... 4
一、有关的名词和术语......................................................................4
1. 振动的基本参量：幅值、周期（频率）和相位....................................4
2. 通频振动、选频振动、工频振动............................................................6
3. 径向振动、水平振动、垂直振动、轴向振动........................................6
4. 同步振动、异步振动................................................................................7
5. 谐波、次谐波、亚异步、超异步............................................................7
6. 相对轴振动、绝对轴振动、轴承座振动................................................7
7. 自由振动、受迫振动、自激振动、随机振动........................................7
8. 高点和重点................................................................................................8
9. 刚度、阻尼和临界阻尼............................................................................8
10. 共振、临界转速、固有频率..................................................................9
11. 分数谐波共振、高次谐波共振和参数激振..........................................9
12. 涡动、正进动和反进动..........................................................................9
13. 同相振动和反相振动............................................................................10
14. 轴振型和节点........................................................................................10
15. 转子挠曲................................................................................................ 11
16. 电气偏差、机械偏差、晃度................................................................ 11
17. 偏心和轴心位置.................................................................................... 11
18. 间隙电压、油膜压力............................................................................ 11
二、传感器的基本知识....................................................................12
1. 振动传感器............................................................................................12
2. 电涡流振动位移传感器的工作原理....................................................13
3. 电动力式振动速度传感器的工作原理................................................13
⒋ 压电式加速度传感器的工作原理.........................................................14

第二章 状态监测常用图谱........................................................... 15
1．波德图.....................................................................................................15
2．极坐标图.................................................................................................16
3．频谱瀑布图.............................................................................................16
4．极联图.....................................................................................................17
5．轴心位置图.............................................................................................18
6．轴心轨迹图.............................................................................................18
7．振动趋势图.............................................................................................19
8．波形频谱图.............................................................................................20
第三章 旋转机械的故障诊断....................................................... 22
1. 不平衡......................................................................................................22
2. 不对中......................................................................................................23
3. 轴弯曲和热弯曲......................................................................................26
4. 油膜涡动和油膜振荡..............................................................................28
5. 蒸汽激振..................................................................................................30
6. 机械松动..................................................................................................33
7. 转子断叶片与脱落..................................................................................33
8. 摩擦..........................................................................................................38
9. 轴裂纹......................................................................................................40
10. 旋转失速与喘振....................................................................................40
11. 机械偏差和电气偏差.............................................................................43 ..