数据库管理系统（dbms）和管理信息系统（mis）-------外文翻译.doc

You know that a database is a collection of logically related data elements that may be structured in various ways to meet the multiple processing and retrieva l needs of organizations and individuals．There’ s nothing new about databases—early ones[1] were chiseled in stone，penned on scrolls，and written on index cards．But now databases are commonly recorded on magnetizable media，and computer programs are required to perform the necessary storage and retrieva l operations．
You’ll see in the following pages that complex data relationships and linkages may be found in all but the simplest databases[2]．The system software package that handles the difficult tasks associated with creating，accessing，and maintaining database records is called a database management system（DBMS）．The programs in a DBMS package establish an interface between the database itself and the users of the database．（These users may be applications programmers，managers and others with information needs，and various OS programs．）
众所周知，数据库是逻辑上相关的数据元的汇集。这些数据元可以按不同的结构组织起来，以满足单位和个人的多种处理和检索的需要。数据库本身不是什么新鲜事—一早期的数据库凿在石头上，记在名册上，以及写在索引卡中。而现在，数据库普遍记录在可磁化的介质上，并且需要用计算机程序来执行必需的存储和检索操作。
如下所述，所有数据库（最简单的除外）中都有复杂的数据关系及其链接。处理与创建、访问以及维护数据库记录有关的复杂任务的系统软件包叫做数据库管理系统（DBMS）。DBMS软件包中的程序在数据库与其用户间建立接口。（这些用户可以是应用程序员、管理员、及其他需要信息的人员和各种操作系统程序）。