长江流域水位监测流量【外文翻译】.docx

长江流域水位监测流量【外文翻译】

包括英文原文和中文翻译


英文原文及翻译

Observed trends of annual maximum water level and streamflow during past 130 years in the Yangtze River basin China

Abstract
Annual maximum streamflow and annual maximum water level and their variations exert most serious influences on human society. In this paper temporal trends and frequency changes at three major stations of Yangtze River i.e. Yichang Hankou andDatong representing upper middle and lower reaches respectively were detected with the help of parametric t-test Mann–Kendall (MK) analysis and wavelet transform methods. The results show that: (1) there is a significant upward trend instreamflow at middle Yangtze River indicating that flood hazard in the middle reach of the river the flood rich region will bemore serious; (2) there is a consistent increase of water level from upper to lower reaches of the river which does not alwayscoincide with the maximum streamflow variations; and (3) the periods of water level changes are decreasing over timeindicating the increasing occurrence frequency of annual maximum water level over time. This phenomenon is more obviousfrom upper Yangtze River to the lower Yangtze River. Human activities like destruction of vegetation land reclamation and construction of levees reduced lake sizes and filled up the river bed reducing the flood storage capacity of lakes and fluvial channel. These factors led to higher water level even some times the streamflow is small. Human should adjust his activity to
enhance his adaptive capacity to flood hazard in the future.q 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.



长江流域在过去130多年的所观察到年度最高水位和流量的趋势
摘 要
每年最大流量和最高水位及其变化严重影响着人类社会。本文中，分析了长江上分别代表着上，中，下游河段的三个主要测站----宜昌，汉口，大同站的时间和频率的变化趋势，分别借助于参数t -检验方法，以及Mann–Kendal分析方法和微波变换方法。结果表明
（1）在长江中游地区流量有明显的上升趋势，表明洪涝灾害在河流的中段，洪水丰富地区，将会是更严重的；（2）有一个不能够和最大流量变化保持一致的河流从上游到下游的水位持续的增长。（3）期水位随着时间的推移越来越低，表明随着时间的推移出现年最高水位的频率越来越大。这种现象从长江上游到长江中下游更为明显。人类活动如破坏植被，土地复垦和堤防建设减少湖泊的规模及降低填补了河床能力，减少了湖泊和河流渠道蓄洪能力。这些因素导致了水位越来越高甚至有些时候流量竟然很小。人类应该改变他们的活动去提高他们在将来适应洪涝灾害的能力。
引言
由于人类引发的“温室效应”导致的全球气候变暖将导致时空分布的区域水资源和全球水循环发生变化. 越来越多的研究人员关心分水岭流量的趋势以及探讨他们与全球气候变异和变化并与人类活动的关系。已经制定的不同的结论反映了区域和全球气候以及水文制度的巨大的多样性。。。